“RABBI’S MUSINGS (& AMUSINGS)”
Erev Shabbos
Kodesh parshas Ki Setzei
13 Elul 5782/September
9, 2022
Avos perek 1-2
KOSHER
RAILING[1]
The
Young Israel Beth-El synagogue at the corner of 15th and 48th
in Boro Park, is one of the oldest shuls in the Tri-State area. The Kehilla was
founded in 1902 and built its first building in 1906. The current three-story
building, constructed in the early 1920s, is a magnificent and imposing
building with a beautiful sanctuary.
The
current rabbi, Rabbi Moshe Snow, assumed the mantle of leadership of the shul
in 2000, after the passing of the previous Rabbi, Rabbi Yisroel Schorr z”l.
Because it is such a beautiful building, the Young Israel of Beth-El is
occasionally rented out for various functions. One of those functions is the
Prospect Park Girls School graduation. As Prospect is a girl’s school, most of
the attendees at the graduation are women. Therefore, it’s more practical for
the women to sit in the main sanctuary and the men in the balcony, in what is
usually the “women’s section” of the shul.
At
the Prospect graduation held in the Young Israel Beth-El synagogue in 2002, one
of the men in attendance was Dr. Neil Ringel, Rabbi Snow’s chavrusa. After the
graduation ended, Rabbi Snow arrived to wish mazal tov to one of the families
of a graduate he knew and to give his weekly Thursday night shiur. Dr. Ringel
approached Rabbi Snow and informed him that he was concerned that the balcony
had a ma’akeh issue. The Torah
states, that one must build a ma’akeh - railing for his roof.[2]
Chazal explain that any high or potentially dangerous place, such as a swimming
pool or a raised porch, must have an adequate railing for protection.[3]
The shul’s balcony had been constructed with a piece of the floor bent upwards
forming the bottom of the balcony. Above that was a 26-inch gap, on top of
which was another bar. The height of the second bar reached about 31 inches
from the floor. Dr. Ringel was concerned that the railing was not halachically
valid.
Rabbi
Snow was stunned. Could it be that somehow this had gone unnoticed for 86 years
since the building was constructed?[4]
The following morning, Rabbi Snow measured the height of the railing and
realized immediately that Dr. Ringel was right. On a practical level as well,
the balcony seemed somewhat unsafe.
To
complicate the matter, Rabbi Snow had become the rabbi two years earlier[5]
and was about to complete his two-year contract, which meant the board would soon
be voting about contract renewal and salary. It was not an ideal time to
present the board with what would undoubtedly be a major expense. But if
halacha demanded it, there was no room for equivocation.
Rabbi
Snow consulted with Rabbi Dovid Feinstein zt”l and Rabbi Gedalia Dov Schwartz
zt”l. They both agreed that the balcony had to be fixed. Rabbi Schwartz
suggested that Rabbi Snow find out the legal requirements for the balconies of
public buildings in New York City to obtain a Certificate of Occupancy. Rabbi
Snow was informed that the minimum height of a balcony is 40 inches (almost the
same as 10 tefachim). However, because their building was constructed
well before those regulations were enacted, it was ‘grandfathered in’ and
legally could not be mandated to raise the balcony. Still, the city
representative urged Rabbi Snow to bring it up to code.
With
that information, Rabbi Snow asked the president of the shul to convene a board
meeting so he could discuss the matter. He decided that come what may, it was
his responsibility to ensure that halacha was maintained in the shul. If it
would cost him a renewal of his contract, or forfeiting a raise, so be it!
The
rabbi prepared the topic and arrived at the meeting to address the board.
Before he could say anything, one board member emphatically announced that
there was nothing wrong with the mechitza. Rabbi Snow replied that he had no
qualms about the mechitza. Rather, he had come to discuss a problem with a ma’akah.
The man looked at the rabbi incredulously, “what’s a ma’akeh?” Rabbi
Snow proceeded to deliver a 15-minute mini-shiur about the laws of ma’akeh
to the board. He then explained the situation with the balcony and why it would
have to be redone. When he finished his lecture, the same fellow again asked
what’s the problem with the mechitza. Rabbi Snow again replied that this had
nothing to do with the mechitza. The man shot back, “ma’akah, mechitza –
it’s all the same!”
A
discussion began to ensue between the various members of the board. At that
point, the president respectfully asked Rabbi Snow to leave so they could vote
about the matter. If he would be there, it would not be a proper vote.
Later
that evening, Rabbi Snow nervously called the president to ask what the board
had decided regarding the balcony. The president replied that they had agreed
to proceed with the construction. He related that after the rabbi had left, one
of the long-time board members, Mrs. Ringel, mother of the aforementioned Dr.
Ringel, rapped on the table and said that she wanted to address the board. She
said, “I don’t understand what is happening here! We have a rabbi who informed
us that as a matter of halacha something must be done. There is no vote on a
matter of halacha! If the rabbi said it must be done, there should not be any
room for discussion here. If we call ourselves an orthodox congregation this is
a mute matter.” Her argument carried the day and the vote passed 29-1[6].
A
brass company came down and gave them an estimate of $27,000. The contractor
said the work would take 2-3 months. Being that this took place in August, that
would mean the work would not be completed until after the Yomim Tovim. At
first the board protested that there was no way they could close the balcony
for Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, when the building was packed with over a
thousand people. The Rabbi explained that the balcony could remain open, except
for the first two rows closest to the balcony. The board agreed and the shul
placed caution tape behind the first two rows, which remained empty.
By
November the work was nearing completion. It was truly stunning. Rabbi Snow
asked the contractor for the bill so he could submit it to the board. The contractor
took out the bill, and in front of Rabbi Snow, tore it to shreds. He exclaimed,
“This one is on me! I want to do this for the shul!” He was Jewish, though not
at all religious. He was so enamored by the shul that he wanted to do something
in its honor.[7]
When
reflecting on the story, Rabbi Snow muses that the lesson he took from the
incident is that one must never cower in the face of halachic demands, even
when doing so will entail dealing with adversity or struggle.
Not
always does deciding to do the right thing warrant such a gratifying ending. In
this instance Hashem granted the shul the ability to upkeep halacha without it
costing them a red cent. But our mission and responsibility is to adhere to
halacha even if and when the ‘price tag’ may be high. The price we pay is well
worth the returns we will receive, even if it doesn’t seem that way to the
physical eye.
Shabbat Shalom & Good Shabbos,
R’ Dani and Chani Staum
[1] I
originally heard this story from Rabbi Noach Sauber - Assistant principal of
RTMA, Learning Director of Camp Dora Golding, and a personal rebbe and mentor -
this past summer. Rabbi Moshe Snow is his uncle. I am grateful to Rabbi Snow
for reviewing the details of this story and the article.
[2] See Devorim
22:8
[3] The ma’akeh must
be at least ten tefachim tall around the edge
of the roof and is only required if the roof is at least ten tefachim off
the ground. According to Rav Chaim Na’ah, it is about 31.5 inches, according to
Igros Moshe (OC 1:136), it is between 35.6 and 38.4 inches, and according to
the Chazon Ish, it is about 40 inches.
It is
important to note that there is a concept in halacha called “lavud”. Lavud means that we consider any gap of
less than three tefachim as though it's connected.
[4] On second
thought, it was logical that just as he had never sat up in the balcony to
realize the problem, neither had his predecessor.
[5] Rabbi Snow had
been involved in the Young Israel under the guidance of Rabbi Gedalia Dov
Schwartz at the Young Israel of Boro Park, originally as the shul’s Youth
Director since 1968. When Rabbi Schwartz left the shul to become the Av Beis
Din of Chicago in 1986, Rabbi Snow became the rabbi of Young Israel of Boro
Park. When Young Israel merged with Beth-El in 1988, Rabbi Snow became
associate rabbi to Beth-El’s longtime rabbi, Rabbi Yisroel Schorr. When Rabbi
Schorr passed away in 2000, Rabbi Snow became the Rabbi.
[6] The lone
dissenter said that he voted against it just to ensure that it was a democratic
process.
[7] As an obvious postscript, Rabbi Snow was rehired and is still the
rabbi of the shul.